He was initially a Jaina and a Minister in the Court of a Chalukya king. It was led by a Brahmana named Basavanna (1106-68). The 12 th century saw the emergence of a new movement in Karnataka. Who were Lingayats? Explain their contribution in the social and religious fields with special reference to caste system.Īns. The Vellalu peasants revered both Nayanars and Alvars.
They were carried in processions during the festivals of these saints. Chola ruler Parantaka I constructed metal images of saints of Shaivism, that of Appar, Sambandar and Sundarar.
These kings also introduced the singing of Tamil Shaiva hymns in the temple under royal patronage and also taking the initiative to collect and organise them into a text (Tevanam). The Chola Kings often attempted to claim divine support and proclaim their own power by building splendid temples to recreate the visions of these popular saints who sang in the language of the people. Clearly the vision of Nayanars inspired the artists. It was also the period where spectacular representation of Shiva as brahman sculpture were produced. Some of the Shiva temples were situated at Chidambaram, Thanjaur, Gangaikanda Cholapuram and built under the patronage of Chola rulers. Royal patronage was granted to Nayanars during the Chola period. It was widest that the powerful Chola rulers supported Brahmanical and Bhakti traditions making land grants and constructing temples for Vishnu and Shiva. Relationship of the Alvars and Nayanars with the state:Īlvars are the devotees of Lord Vishnu and Nayanars were devotees of Lord Shiva. Identify the relationship between the Alvars and Nayanars of Tamil Nadu with the state from the eighth to eighteenth century.Īns. They were against the caste system and approved postpoverty marriage and widow remarriage.
So, they do not practice funeral rites like cremation, instead they bury their dead. (iii) Lingayats believed that after death, the devotee will be united with Shiva. (ii) He was from Karnataka region and the cult that he started was known as Lingayats (Wearers of Linga) or Virashaivas (heroes of Lord Shiva). (i) Basavanna was a Brahmana (1106-68), initially a Jaina and a Minister in the Court of a Chalukya king. (iii) Describe Basavanna’s attitude towards rituals.Īns. (ii) From which cult and region he belonged to? To the servant of the God who could eat if served they say ‘Go away’, ‘Go away’!īut to the image of the God which cannot eat they offer dishes of food. If a real serpent comes they say : ‘Kill’, ‘Kill’. When they see a serpent carved in stone they pour milk on it. RITUAL AND THE REAL WORLD Here is a vachana composed by Basavanna Read the following excerpt carefully and answer the questions that follow :
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